- LLM
- Large Language Model — a neural network trained on massive text corpora to understand and generate language.
- Prompt Engineering
- The craft of writing AI requests. A well-built prompt improves output quality several-fold without changing the model.
- RAG
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation — the model augments answers with external database content in real time. The backbone of AI search.
- AI Agent
- A system that completes multi-step tasks autonomously: code, browser, APIs — without a human at every step.
- Context Window
- How much text a model "sees" per request, measured in tokens (~0.75 words each). The 2026 record: 10M in Llama 4.
- Fine-tuning
- Training a model further on company data for accuracy in a narrow domain. The alternative is RAG — cheaper and more flexible.
- Token
- The model's unit of text, roughly 0.75 of a word. API prices and context sizes are measured in tokens: a page of text is about 500 tokens.
- Hallucination
- A confident but invented answer: non-existent links, figures, quotes. Below 2% on factual tests for 2026 flagships — but not zero. The cure is checking primary sources.
- Multimodality
- Working beyond text: images, audio, video as input and output. Gemini 3.1 Pro is the reference example of native multimodality.
- Reasoning model
- A mode where the model builds a chain of thought before answering. More accurate on hard problems; 3–10× slower and pricier than a regular request.
- Benchmark
- A standardized test for comparing models: MMLU, GPQA, HumanEval. Useful as a compass, never a substitute for testing on your own tasks.
- Zero-retention
- An API mode where the vendor stores none of your requests and trains on none of them. A hard requirement for sensitive data in the cloud.